SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP35
QST de W1AW
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 35 ARLP035

From Tad Cook, K7RA

Seattle, WA September 2, 2022
To all radio amateurs

SB PROP ARL ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

The past week saw many interesting events. The DRAO observatory at
Penticton, British Columbia (the source of 10.7 cm solar flux
measurements) was overwhelmed by solar flares, and at 2000 UTC on
August 28 reported a solar flux value of 251.9, and the next day at
1700 UTC, a value of 357.1.

The 2000 UTC local noon numbers are the official solar flux number
for each day, so for the August 28 value I chose to report the 2300
UTC number of 133.5 instead.

I checked with astronomer Andrew Gray at Penticton, and he reported,
"The high values are indeed because of solar activity, both
yesterday and today flares occurred right during our flux
measurements."

Solar activity increased this reporting week (August 25-31) with
average daily sunspot numbers rising from 58.7 to 74.9 and solar
flux from 104.5 to 123.8.

Without that correction for August 28, average daily solar flux
would have been 140.8 instead of 123.8.

I have seen these errors in the past, but they are rare. When they
occur, there is only 1/3 chance they will happen during the daily
2000 UTC reading, which sends them into the official daily solar
flux data.

Note that NOAA did not correct the high false value:

https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/text/daily-solar-indices.txt

Average daily A index was a little lower, the planetary values
shifting from 12.6 to 10.1 and middle latitude from 11 to 9.4.

Three new sunspot groups appeared on August 25 at the beginning of
the reporting week, but none until September 1, with two new sunspot
groups. The daily sunspot number rose from 42 on Wednesday to 67 on
Thursday.

Total sunspot area peaked on August 27.

Predicted solar flux is more optimistic in the Thursday night
version, as opposed to the Wednesday forecast reported in the ARRL
Letter.

Instead of 110 on September 2, the latest forecast is 116, 118 and
118 on September 2-4, 115 on September 5, 110 on September 6-8, then
118, 124, 130 and 128 on September 9-12, then 120, 117, 105 and 102
on September 13-16, then 98 on September 17-18, then 104, 102 and
108 on September 19-21, 118 on September 22-23, 124 and 125 on
September 24-25, 120 on September 26-28, 115 on September 29 to
October 1, then 112 on October 2, 108 on October 3-4, then 115, 120,
124 and 130 on October 5-8.

Flux values may briefly dip below 100 in mid-October.

Predicted planetary A index is 10, 15, 30, 25 and 15 on September
2-6, 10 on September 7-8, 12 and 8 on September 9-10, 5 on September
11-12, then 12, 15 and 10 on September 13-15, 8 on September 16-17,
5 on September 18-23, then 14, 10 and 8 on September 24-26, 5 on
September 27-29, then 30, 38, 20, 15, 18, 10, 12 and 8 on September
30 through October 7, and 5 on October 8-9.

At 0209 UTC on September 2 the Australian Space Weather Forecasting
Centre issued a geomagnetic disturbance warning: "Disturbed
conditions caused by a high speed wind stream in a geoeffective
direction are expected September 3-5."

Frantislav K. Janda, OK1HH shares his weekly commentary:

"The recent rise in solar activity, especially during August 27-30,
was triggered by two sunspot groups, AR3088, which on 29 August fell
behind the western limb of the solar disk, and AR3089, which on 30
August passed through the central meridian, so entered the region of
the so-called present active longitudes.

"Both sunspot groups are in the southern hemisphere of the Sun,
while in both were daily registered flares of moderate magnitude.
CMEs have been registered in four cases. Given the proximity of the
coronal hole, we would expect a significant increase in geomagnetic
activity, but only at first approach.

"However, there was only a slight increase in geomagnetic activity,
confirming the current solar wind path models. We expect it to
intensify and then increase in geomagnetic activity since about
September 4 onwards. A further gradual increase in total solar
activity can be expected a few days later."

I (K7RA) noticed some curious 12 meter propagation, testing the band
using FT8 on https://pskreporter.info/pskmap.html. This way I can
see instantly where my signal is heard, and get accurate, objective
signal reports.

On August 31 at 2038-2116 UTC my calls were heard nowhere in North
America outside my local area, which were stations 4-54 miles away.
But all stations hearing me were in a straight line running through
Mexico and Central America, then down to Brazil.

XE1GLL, XE1EE, and XE1AQY, down to V31MA, LU6FL and PU3MSR. No 12
meter resonant antenna, just a 32 foot end-fed indoor wire fed with
a 4:1 UnUn transformer and automatic antenna tuner.

Other curious 12 meter behavior was on Saturday, August 27 at 2252
UTC when the only stations hearing me (FT8 again) were ZL2OK at
7,120 miles with a strong signal report of +4 dB and WH6FXV at 2,649
miles.

Ten minutes later at 2302 UTC JA1QGI was the only station reporting,
from 4,746 miles away. Four minutes later JN4MIV reported. At 2312
UTC ZL2OK was back, this time reporting -4 dB, 8 dB lower than the
earlier report.

At 2315 UTC I worked JH6RKI and copied several more Japanese
stations.

Newsweek Magazine has been reporting interesting solar news
recently:

https://bit.ly/3q5XACl

And Forbes.

https://bit.ly/3AOWD6G

Is "The Independent" one of the UK Fleet Street tabloids? Perhaps a
RSGB member could inform us.

https://bit.ly/3e5kJlF

Another wonderful report from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW, ham radio's
own Space Weather Woman:

https://youtu.be/hh_EPRjMmzY

In the following links, many are presented for your amusement only.
I do not believe that a huge solar flare will ever engulf the Earth.

A canyon of fire: https://bit.ly/3RcWSiy

EarthSky reports (page down): https://bit.ly/3wRStK1

A report four weeks old, but still relevant: https://bit.ly/3KH0yH4

Growing sunspot a threat: https://bit.ly/3cEgFZt

Our angry Sun: https://bit.ly/3cHMiBm

This one is a bit over the top: https://bit.ly/3TzEnqd

From a few days ago: https://bit.ly/3CSJFY3

Radio blackouts: https://bit.ly/3Rwwpwa

Flares and blackouts: https://bit.ly/3KH2jEa

More Flares: https://bit.ly/3e5ninN

Existential threat: https://bit.ly/3Qc3MDE

Flare facing Earth: https://bit.ly/3q5gzgv

Sunspot somehow destroys Earth: https://bit.ly/3cHGSGy

The 61st annual All Asian DX Phone contest is this weekend.
Information can be found here: https://bit.ly/3ALPkwa

Send your tips, reports, observations, questions, and comments to k7ra@arrl.net.

For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals . For an
explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere .

An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation . More good
information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/ .

Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

Sunspot numbers for August 25 through 31, 2022 were 94, 88, 84, 79,
87, 50, and 42, with a mean of 74.9. 10.7 cm flux was 117.8, 118.6,
127.5, 133.5, 130.6, 125.6, and 113.3, with a mean of 123.8.
Estimated planetary A indices were 5, 5, 14, 7, 14, 13, and 13, with
a mean of 10.1. Middle latitude A index was 5, 5, 11, 7, 13, 13, and
12, with a mean of 9.4.
NNNN
/EX


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.8 (Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: American Radio Relay League (3:633/280.2@fidonet)

SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP35
QST de W1AW
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 35 ARLP035

From Tad Cook, K7RA

Seattle, WA September 1, 2023
To all radio amateurs

SB PROP ARL ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

First, this alert from Australia.

"ASWFC GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE WARNING ISSUED AT 0706UTC/31 AUGUST
2023 BY THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE.

A filament eruption and associated coronal mass ejection (CME) were
observed on UT day 30-Aug. This CME is expected to impact Earth from
1800 UT +/- 12 hours on 02-Sep, with impacts possibly rolling into
UT day 03-Sep. G1-G2 geomagnetic conditions are expected over this
time, with a chance for periods of G3."

Solar activity was down again this week, with average daily sunspot
numbers dropping from 105.9 to 78.7, and average daily solar flux
from 149.4 to 140.9.

Only three sunspot groups appeared, one each on August 25, 28 and
30.

But I have noticed a gradual transition from summer toward fall
conditions, with 10 and 12 meter openings more frequent. The
autumnal equinox is only three weeks from now.

Geomagnetic indicators were a little lower. Average planetary A
index went from 8.4 to 7, and average middle latitude numbers from
10.1 to 8.9.

What is the outlook?

Predicted solar flux shows a peak around 168 on September 18-21.

Forecast values are 140 on September 1, then 150, 150 and 145 on
September 2-4, 150 on September 5-9, 147 on September 10-11, then
145, 150, 155, 150, 155 and 160 on September 12-17, 168 on September
18-21, then 165, 160, and 148 on September 22-24, 150 on September
25-26, then 152, 150, 145,and 140 on September 27-30, then 145 on
October 1, 150 on October 2-3, 152 on October 4, 156 on October 5-6,
150 on October 7. and 148 on October 8-9.

Predicted planetary A index is 10, 12 and 35 on September 1-3, then
15, 10 and 8 on September 4-6, 5 on September 7-13, then 12, 10, 10
and 8 on September 14-17, 5 on September 18-22, then 10, 10 and 8 on
September 23-25, 5 on September 26 to October 2, then 10, 8 and 8 on
October 3-5, and 5 on October 6-10.

Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
Ionosphere for September 1-7, 2023 from OK1HH.

"On 27 August, we predicted a rise in geomagnetic activity,
triggered by the arrival of particles from the filament solar flares
three days earlier. It did occur, but to a lesser extent than we
expected. No significant solar flare (at least of M-class) was
observed until 25 August, which is somewhat surprising for the
current phase of Cycle 25 development.

We did not see a major flare until August 26 at 2250 UTC, and it was
an M1-class solar flare, hidden behind the Sun's eastern edge, but
it was a long duration eruption (LDE). It was accompanied by a CME,
which of course was not heading toward Earth, but in this case Mars
(which it should hit on September 1).

The coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed on August 29 at about
1748 UTC near the coordinates N05W35. Another major solar flare, C3,
was observed on August 30 with a maximum at 2334 UTC at AR 3413.

Prior to that, a filament of solar plasma disappeared near S18W24 at
2015 UTC.

Still, we expect only a slight increase in Earth's magnetic field
activity in the next few days.

Ionospheric propagation has varied erratically, with partial credit
due to the sporadic E layer that occurred irregularly in Earth's
northern hemisphere late this summer."

India's solar mission: https://bit.ly/3PiPJ1N

Flares: https://bit.ly/47X6gzC

Four hours of Tamitha Skov and extreme space weather events:

https://youtu.be/_Li9wxmmbQs

This weekend is the phone portion of the All Asia DX Contest:

https://bit.ly/43GPrXq

Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to
k7ra@arrl.net. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell
us which mode you were operating.

For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals . For an
explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere .

Also, check this article from September, 2002 QST:

https://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/tis/info/pdf/0209038.pdf

An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation . More good
information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/

Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

Sunspot numbers for August 24 through 30, 2023 were 86, 77, 75, 69,
68, 82, and 94, with a mean of 78.7. 10.7 cm flux was 144.1, 138.9,
139.3, 141.5, 141.7, 142.2, and 138.6, with a mean of 140.9.
Estimated planetary A indices were 9, 5, 7, 11, 6, 5, and 6, with a
mean of 7. Middle latitude A index was 9, 7, 9, 13, 8, 7, and 9,
with a mean of 8.9.
NNNN
/EX


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.8.4 (Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: American Radio Relay League (3:633/280.2@fidonet)

SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP35
QST de W1AW
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 35 ARLP035

From Tad Cook, K7RA

Seattle, WA September 13, 2024
To all radio amateurs

SB PROP ARL ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

With sunspot numbers up and solar flux decreasing, we saw ten new sunspot groups this week; two on September 6, three on September 7, two on September
8, one on September 9, and two on September 11.


Average daily sunspot numbers increased from 155.3 to 178.4, while average daily solar flux declined from 230.3 to 223.7.


Geomagnetic indicators were quiet, with average daily planetary A index dropping from 14 to 7.9 and middle latitude numbers from 12.7 to 11.7.


The solar flux forecast calls for 10.7 cm numbers at 210 on September 13-14, 205 on September 15-20, then 225 and 220 on September 21-22, then 225 on September 23-24, then 230, 235, 230 and 225 on September 25-28, and 240 on September 29-30, then 240, 245 and 230 on October 1-3, 220 on October 4-5,
225 on October 6-7, 220 on October 8-9, 225 on October 10-11, 220 and 215 on October 12-13, 210 on October 14-15, then back up to 240 at the end of the month.


Predicted planetary A index is 35 and 25 on September 13-14, then 15 on September 15-16, then 12, 15, 12 and 12 on September 17-20, 5 on September 21-25, then 25, 25, 15 and 10 on September 26-29, then 5 on September 30 through October 4, 10 on October 5-6, then 30, 22 and 8 on October 7-9, 5 on October 10-13, 8 on October 14-15, and 5 on October 16-22, then 25 on October 23-24.


Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's Ionosphere - September 11, 2024 from OK1HH.


"The solar wind speed, as measured in geostationary orbit, increased in two jumps on 12 September - first shortly after midnight UTC from 360 km/s to 430 km/s, then to 520 km/s after 0818 UTC. Meanwhile, the polarity of the longitudinal (north-south) component of the IMF (Bz) was negative. The consequence was a significant deterioration of shortwave propagation conditions.


"The development continued on 12 September as the X1.3 solar flare was
detected at 0943 UTC. The source was a new AR turning into view off the southeast limb (former AR 3792, whose high activity during the parade on the Sun's far side was well known thanks to helioseismological observations).


"However, the strong (G3) Geomagnetic Storm followed, while threshold was reached at 14:43 UTC. Values of critical frequencies f0F2 in the
mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere of the earth were 2 MHz lower
compared to the previous days. Now it can be expected geomagnetic disturbance around September 14 (possible arrival of particles from the September 11
CME). We may wait until September 18 for quiet days."


WP3GW wrote:
"After a 4 month hiatus, just began again on FT8. I have noted that the SFI
has been more than 200, and have worked European stations at about 2200 UTC, three hours after propagation normally closes to the Caribbean.


"And have seen signals late night and in mornings before the Sun comes up in
10 meters, making it a twenty plus hours open band. Have made 7 new countries on FT8 in almost 3 weeks.


"Hope these conditions keep good for this contest season.

"Cheers, Angel Santana WP3GW."

Jeff, N8II wrote:
"There have been somewhat limited openings to Europe on 10 meters for about 2 weeks. On Monday September 2 I worked several Southern EU and several UK stations, some with good signals. Today, the 8th was exceptionally good. Not only was the 10 meter band open to all but possibly NE Europe, but stations
in the Middle East were S9 to S9+20 dB. On SSB I worked A42K, Oman, and
4K6FO, Azerbaijan. Also, UA9CTT, Asiatic Russia was S9+20 dB and UN4L, Kazakhstan was peaking S8 all of them working the All Asia Contest. I called
CQ with the majority of my callers from the UK all with good signals, many
over S9. The only somewhat weak Brit was a mobile running 5W who was peaking S5. OH6TS, Finland answered my CQ, and I heard SM5CAK, Sweden over S9. I was also called by Hungary and Romania. It was like the middle of October on a
good day, very surprising 2 weeks before the equinox. All of my QSOs were between 1400-1520Z. I also worked JE6RFM on 15M SSB during that time and
heard a JA5 about S7. T

here was an Indonesian also on 15M working the Asian contest who was S9+.

"The Summer has been frustrating with very limited activity except in
contests above 20M. 20M was open through most of the night to Europe
throughout the June-August period.


"The sporadic-E was poor this year, fewer openings and mostly single hop.
Every day 10M was open to Central and South America. Around the middle of August, we started getting daily openings to the West Coast. Since then, most days were open to AF and OC. Hawaii has been loud on several occasions including the NAQP Phone test 2nd weekend of August and was also briefly loud during the Hawaii QP last weekend of August.


"Today September 12 there was a good F2 opening to EU; I worked two R4s (next to Asia), several SP, DL, I, HB9, F. YL3BF called and was about S4-6. The UK was not part of the opening. One of the Germans was running 15W to a 5M long indoor wire and was peaking S9!"


The latest from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW, Space Weather Woman: https://youtu.be/RHphr4iloHs [ https://youtu.be/RHphr4iloHs ]


Impressive sunspots: https://bit.ly/3zjgI8o [ https://bit.ly/3zjgI8o ]

Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to
k7ra@arrl.net [ mailto:k7ra@arrl.net ] . When reporting observations, don't forget to tell us which mode you were operating.


For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation [ http://www.arrl.org/propagation ] and the ARRL Technical Information Service web page at: http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals [ http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals ] .


For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere [ http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere ] .


An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation [ http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation ] .


More good information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us [ http://k9la.us ] .


Also, check this: "Understanding Solar Indices" from September 2002 QST. https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt [ https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt ]

Instructions for starting or ending email subscriptions to ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins [ http://arrl.org/bulletins ] .


Sunspot numbers for September 5 through 11 2024 were 167, 188, 179, 176, 213, 147, and 179, with a mean of 178.4. 10.7 cm flux was 240.7, 248.9, 221.7, 227.6, 214.8, 205.2, and 207, with a mean of 223.7. Estimated planetary A indices were 7, 8, 7, 9, 9, 7, and 8, with a mean of 7.9. Middle latitude A Index was 8, 8, 9, 19, 9, 7, and 18, with a mean of 11.1.

NNNN
/EX

ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio®
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--- MBSE BBS v1.0.8.4 (Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: American Radio Relay League (3:633/280.2@fidonet)