• [RELEASE] Python 3.14.0 alpha 2 is out

    From Hugo van Kemenade@3:633/280.2 to All on Wed Nov 20 08:17:29 2024
    Alpha 2? But Alpha 1 only just came out!

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a2/

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

    Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13:

    Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a2 is the second
    of seven planned alpha releases.

    Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of
    new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

    During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the
    beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up
    until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that
    this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

    Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written.
    Among the new major new features and changes so far:

    * PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
    * PEP 741: Python configuration C API
    * PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
    * Improved error messages
    * (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing
    from this list, let Hugo know.)

    The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a3, currently scheduled
    for 2024-12-17.

    More resources

    * Online documentation: https://docs.python.org/3.14/
    * PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule: https://peps.python.org/pep-0719/
    * Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
    * Help fund Python and its community: https://www.python.org/psf/donations/

    And now for something completely different

    Ludolph van Ceulen (1540-1610) was a fencing and mathematics teacher in
    Leiden, Netherlands, and spent around 25 years calculating =CF=80 (or pi), = using
    essentially the same methods Archimedes employed some seventeen hundred
    years earlier.

    Archimedes estimated =CF=80 by calculating the circumferences of polygons t= hat
    fit just inside and outside of a circle, reasoning the circumference of the circle lies between these two values. Archimedes went up to polygons with
    96 sides, for a value between 3.1408 and 3.1428, which is accurate to two decimal places.

    Van Ceulen used a polygon with half a billion sides. He published a
    20-decimal value in his 1596 book Vanden Circkel (=E2=80=9COn the Circle=E2= =80=9D), and
    later expanded it to 35 decimals:

    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288

    Van Ceulen=E2=80=99s 20 digits is more than enough precision for any concei= vable
    practical purpose. For example, even if a printed circle was perfect down
    to the atomic scale, the thermal vibrations of the molecules of ink would
    make most of those digits physically meaningless. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory=E2=80=99s highest accuracy calculations, for interplanetary navi= gation,
    uses 15 decimals: 3.141592653589793.

    At Van Ceulen=E2=80=99s request, his upper and lower bounds for =CF=80 were=
    engraved on
    his tombstone in Leiden. The tombstone was eventually lost but restored in 2000. In the Netherlands and Germany, =CF=80 is sometimes referred to as th=
    e
    =E2=80=9CLudolphine number=E2=80=9D, after Van Ceulen.

    Enjoy the new release

    Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and
    these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by
    volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

    Regards from a chilly Helsinki with snow on the way,

    Your release team,
    Hugo van Kemenade
    Ned Deily
    Steve Dower
    =C5=81ukasz Langa

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