• Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator

    From anthk@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 17 23:57:34 2026

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From John Levine@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 18 00:07:16 2026
    According to <anthk@not.dev.null>:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    It was a dot on the DEC PDP-6 monitor that evolved into TOPS-10. I
    believe TOPS-10 is where both CP/M and MS-DOS got their filename
    syntax.


    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 18 11:51:43 2026
    On Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:07:16 +0000, John Levine wrote:

    According to <anthk@not.dev.null>:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    It was a dot on the DEC PDP-6 monitor that evolved into TOPS-10. I
    believe TOPS-10 is where both CP/M and MS-DOS got their filename syntax.

    Also (around the same time) on the PDP-8 operating system, OS/8 (modelled
    on the PDP-6 I think)

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Rich Alderson@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 18 22:13:23 2026
    John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> writes:

    According to <anthk@not.dev.null>:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    It was a dot on the DEC PDP-6 monitor that evolved into TOPS-10. I believe TOPS-10 is where both CP/M and MS-DOS got their filename syntax.

    I have been told by people who were there that Kildall worked on PDP-11 systems, which also used a dot separator, so it was natural in CP/M.

    MS-DOS got it from QDOS which got it from CP/M.

    --
    Rich Alderson news@alderson.users.panix.com
    Audendum est, et veritas investiganda; quam etiamsi non assequamur,
    omnino tamen proprius, quam nunc sumus, ad eam perveniemus.
    --Galen

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Rich Alderson@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 18 22:15:14 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:

    On Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:07:16 +0000, John Levine wrote:

    According to <anthk@not.dev.null>:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    It was a dot on the DEC PDP-6 monitor that evolved into TOPS-10. I
    believe TOPS-10 is where both CP/M and MS-DOS got their filename syntax.

    Also (around the same time) on the PDP-8 operating system, OS/8 (modelled
    on the PDP-6 I think)

    PS/8 (the predecessor of OS/8) was influenced by work on the PDP-10, which had come along before the PDP-8/e (for which PS/8 was created).

    --
    Rich Alderson news@alderson.users.panix.com
    Audendum est, et veritas investiganda; quam etiamsi non assequamur,
    omnino tamen proprius, quam nunc sumus, ad eam perveniemus.
    --Galen

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 07:32:16 2026
    On Mon, 17 Aug 2026 23:57:34 +0200, anthk wrote:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    According to Da Wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension>:

    * The concept originated with CTSS in 1961, allowing 6 characters each
    for the filename and extension, and also the ?.? separator syntax
    for writing the two as a single filename string.
    * Multics kept the convention of the ?.? separator, but turned this
    into just another character that could be used in the filename,
    which could be up to 255 characters long. Executables and text
    files conventionally had no suffix.
    * DEC systems preserved the separation of fields, and the most popular
    of the later micro-based systems (CP/M, MS-DOS) copied this idea.
    * Unix copied the Multics usage of no extensions for executables. Text
    files could have a range of different suffixes, depending on their
    intended usage.

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found on
    some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Peter Flass@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 07:40:25 2026
    On 8/23/26 00:32, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found on
    some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    I found version numbers particularly useful. I guess there are Linux filesystems that support them, but I could never be bothered to install
    them.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 22:07:13 2026
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 07:40:25 -0700, Peter Flass wrote:

    On 8/23/26 00:32, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found
    on some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    I forgot to mention RSX ;).

    I found version numbers particularly useful. I guess there are Linux filesystems that support them, but I could never be bothered to
    install them.

    No. It?s not a POSIX thing.

    I dallied for a while with using VCS tools (i.e. Git) for managing
    versions of files. Then I came up with something more
    snapshot-oriented, <https://gitlab.com/ldo/updoc>, and I have been
    trying that out in some of my own content-creation projects. So for
    example, I might be working on a CG model in ?example.blend?, and
    every time I feel I?ve reached a critical point, I save a snapshot
    into the version history file ?example.blend;?.

    Note the trailing semicolon on the version history file name; that?s a
    homage to DEC?s version numbers ;). Though actually the version
    history file can be called what you like.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 22:11:18 2026
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 11:20:45 -0700, Lars Poulsen wrote:

    On 2026-08-23 08:13, Mr. Chang Man-wai wrote:

    On 8/18/2026 5:57 AM, anthk@not.dev.null wrote:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    The "dot separator" is just the full-stop symbol in english
    language, or the decimal point in mathematics.

    In Unix/Linux filesystems, that is so.

    No. There is nothing in Unix/Linux/POSIX which decrees the name.ext
    syntax for anything.

    Some tools (e.g. Make) may assume that for determining dependencies.
    But the kernel doesn?t care, and nor does most of the userland.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 24 07:27:20 2026
    On 24/08/2026 6:07 AM, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 07:40:25 -0700, Peter Flass wrote:

    On 8/23/26 00:32, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found
    on some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    I forgot to mention RSX ;).

    I found version numbers particularly useful. I guess there are Linux
    filesystems that support them, but I could never be bothered to
    install them.

    No. It?s not a POSIX thing.

    Erm, you do know that Linux people will sometimes, on occasion, imple-
    ment something not in the Posix standard?


    I dallied for a while with using VCS tools (i.e. Git) for managing
    versions of files. Then I came up with something more
    snapshot-oriented, <https://gitlab.com/ldo/updoc>, and I have been
    trying that out in some of my own content-creation projects. So for
    example, I might be working on a CG model in ?example.blend?, and
    every time I feel I?ve reached a critical point, I save a snapshot
    into the version history file ?example.blend;?.


    You can also just save a snapshot with ZFS, you know. That also works
    on Linux I'm told.

    Note the trailing semicolon on the version history file name; that?s a
    homage to DEC?s version numbers ;). Though actually the version
    history file can be called what you like.

    You can also do that with Fossil. It's the version control system from
    the SQLite team. You can name the /repository/ whatever you like, and
    a trailing ; doesn't bother SQLite at all.
    --
    Johann | email: invalid -> com | http://www.myrkraverk.com/blog/
    I'm not from the Internet, I just work there. | via Easynews.com https://bsky.app/profile/myrkraverk.bsky.social | for ( ;; ) _:;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 24 07:28:53 2026
    On 24/08/2026 6:11 AM, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 11:20:45 -0700, Lars Poulsen wrote:

    On 2026-08-23 08:13, Mr. Chang Man-wai wrote:

    On 8/18/2026 5:57 AM, anthk@not.dev.null wrote:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    The "dot separator" is just the full-stop symbol in english
    language, or the decimal point in mathematics.

    In Unix/Linux filesystems, that is so.

    No. There is nothing in Unix/Linux/POSIX which decrees the name.ext
    syntax for anything.

    Some tools (e.g. Make) may assume that for determining dependencies.
    But the kernel doesn?t care, and nor does most of the userland.

    Nor WordPerfect for DOS. The /dad joke/ I wrote earlier, for some value
    of earlier, was written in WordPerfect for DOS, and I named the file folklore.alt. There was no room for the computers in the D.O.S. file-
    name.
    --
    Johann | email: invalid -> com | http://www.myrkraverk.com/blog/
    I'm not from the Internet, I just work there. | via Easynews.com https://bsky.app/profile/myrkraverk.bsky.social | for ( ;; ) _:;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From vallor@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 24 01:31:38 2026
    At Mon, 24 Aug 2026 07:27:20 +0800, Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> wrote:

    On 24/08/2026 6:07 AM, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 07:40:25 -0700, Peter Flass wrote:

    On 8/23/26 00:32, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found
    on some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    I forgot to mention RSX ;).

    I found version numbers particularly useful. I guess there are Linux
    filesystems that support them, but I could never be bothered to
    install them.

    No. It?s not a POSIX thing.

    Erm, you do know that Linux people will sometimes, on occasion, imple-
    ment something not in the Posix standard?


    I dallied for a while with using VCS tools (i.e. Git) for managing
    versions of files. Then I came up with something more
    snapshot-oriented, <https://gitlab.com/ldo/updoc>, and I have been
    trying that out in some of my own content-creation projects. So for example, I might be working on a CG model in ?example.blend?, and
    every time I feel I?ve reached a critical point, I save a snapshot
    into the version history file ?example.blend;?.


    You can also just save a snapshot with ZFS, you know. That also works
    on Linux I'm told.

    Note the trailing semicolon on the version history file name; that?s a homage to DEC?s version numbers ;). Though actually the version
    history file can be called what you like.

    You can also do that with Fossil. It's the version control system from
    the SQLite team. You can name the /repository/ whatever you like, and
    a trailing ; doesn't bother SQLite at all.

    For lightweight version control, I use RCS -- and if I need something
    more heavy-duty, there's git.

    --
    -v System76 Thelio Mega v1.1 x86_64 Mem: 258G
    OS: Linux 7.2.0 D: Mint 22.3 DE: Xfce 4.18 (X11)
    NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090Ti (24G) (610.57.04)
    "All computers wait at the same speed."

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Rich Alderson@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 23:36:04 2026
    Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> writes:

    On Mon, 17 Aug 2026 23:57:34 +0200, anthk wrote:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    And a numeric second file name (as it is called in ITS) is treated as a version number. Syntactically, a second file name of ">" is treated as "highest version" for an input file and "next higher version" for an output file. "<" is "oldest version".

    According to Da Wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension>:

    [ snip ]

    The article doesn't mention version numbers, which are/were found on
    some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    Tops-10, developed by DEC, does NOT have a concept of version numbers.

    TOPS-20 is a licensed superset of TENEX, developed by BBN. TENEX is what gave TOPS-20 version numbers.

    --
    Rich Alderson news@alderson.users.panix.com
    Audendum est, et veritas investiganda; quam etiamsi non assequamur,
    omnino tamen proprius, quam nunc sumus, ad eam perveniemus.
    --Galen

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Rich Alderson@3:633/10 to All on Sun Aug 23 23:39:44 2026
    Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> writes:

    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 11:20:45 -0700, Lars Poulsen wrote:

    On 2026-08-23 08:13, Mr. Chang Man-wai wrote:

    On 8/18/2026 5:57 AM, anthk@not.dev.null wrote:

    Under ITS I think they were just separated by a space

    The "dot separator" is just the full-stop symbol in english
    language, or the decimal point in mathematics.

    In Unix/Linux filesystems, that is so.

    No. There is nothing in Unix/Linux/POSIX which decrees the name.ext
    syntax for anything.

    You once again misunderstand: The operating system treats the file name atomically in Unix, so that the "dot separator" has no syntactic function there. *Applications* may take cognizance of "dot extenstions", or may ignore them.

    --
    Rich Alderson news@alderson.users.panix.com
    Audendum est, et veritas investiganda; quam etiamsi non assequamur,
    omnino tamen proprius, quam nunc sumus, ad eam perveniemus.
    --Galen

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From James Dow Allen@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 24 15:09:30 2026

    NITPICK

    Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> posted:

    Unix also copied the dot idea, but purely as a convention: the dot was
    just another character that was valid in filenames, ...

    Nitpick: The File-System does need to watch out for dot, but not for extensions. It must detect the directory name ".." (and "."?). This is especially important if the user has been chroot'ed into a sandbox or play-pen.

    END of PICKED NIT

    Cheers and apologies,
    James

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Mon Aug 24 21:02:38 2026
    On Mon, 24 Aug 2026 15:09:30 GMT, James Dow Allen wrote:

    Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> posted:

    Unix also copied the dot idea, but purely as a convention: the dot
    was just another character that was valid in filenames, ...

    Nitpick: The File-System does need to watch out for dot, but not for extensions. It must detect the directory name ".." (and "."?).

    Think of those as reserved entry names, nothing more. They have
    nothing to do with the use of ?.? as any kind of ?separator?
    character.

    They are also completely unnecessary. They are a hangover from the
    early days of the design of the Unix filesystem, and should have been
    discarded by now.

    This is especially important if the user has been chroot'ed into a
    sandbox or play-pen.

    They require special treatment from the kernel anyway, which is why
    putting explicit entries for them into every directory is such a waste
    of space and time.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 25 17:00:31 2026
    John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> writes:
    On Tue, 25 Aug 2026 15:34:15 -0000 (UTC)
    John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> wrote:

    Microsoft famously got this wrong, by looking at the contents of the
    file to decide how to process it instead of the name, so you can have
    a mail attachment called CONTRACT.TXT which is in fact an executable
    full of malware.

    That's actually not how that works at all. Windows *does* in fact rely
    on the filename extension to determine the file type, but starting in
    Windows 95 they set it to hide the extension for known file types by
    default, presumably because extensions were too confusing for novice
    users. But the extension is still there and still counts for the OS's >purposes, even though it's not displayed - so what malevolent parties
    will do is name a file e.g. InnocentDocument.txt.exe in the knowledge
    that this will display to the majority of users (and especially the
    novice ones) as InnocentDocument.txt even though it's actually an EXE
    and recognized as such by Windows.

    Real genius decision, that :/

    PLEASE TAKE CARE TO EXAMINE THE 'Newsgroups:' HEADER -BEFORE- POSTING.

    [Removed crossposting to a bunch of screwy unrelated newsgroups]

    Yeah. Right up there with allowing executable content in email.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Snidely@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 25 11:22:58 2026
    John Levine scribbled something on Tuesday the 8/25/2026:
    According to Mr. Chang Man-wai <toylet.toylet@gmail.com>:

    (crossposting put on a diet)

    But in the naming method,
    which is the file name?
    Which is the file name extension? :)

    By convention, a computer filename is the whole string identifying the
    file, but can also be used to describe the substring that is everything
    up to the extension (and its separator). The extension is everything
    after the last separator. In MSDOS days ... and other simple file
    systems, like the CP/M ancestor of FAT ... the extension was the 3
    characters that fit into the directory entry structure field labeled "extension".


    I think the question doesn't make sense. The reason computer files have extensions is to describe the format of the contents: text, executables, spreadsheet, whatever. That makes it a lot easier to select the appropriate software to process them. Microsoft famously got this wrong, by looking at the contents of the file to decide how to process it instead of the name, so you can have a mail attachment called CONTRACT.TXT which is in fact an executable full of malware.

    I don't think this is what Microsoft did. Unix is the OS that uses
    "magic" (special bytes at offset 0) to decode what a file is ... you
    can specify which shell is to execute a script, for instance. (Linux
    has also adpted this technique.)

    Microsoft is famous for trying to open a binary file in a text editor
    because it has a .txt extension.

    In paper files, it's generally obvious what kind of material is in the folder, or if it's not, it doesn't matter since there's only one way to process it, pull out the file and look at it.

    There are plenty of situations where a librarian is dependent on a
    subject matter expert to identify what a book or paper file is. And
    they may need help to identiify which expert is needed.

    /dps

    --
    Trust, but verify.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Chris Ahlstrom@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 25 15:02:48 2026
    vallor wrote this screed in ALL-CAPS (fixed):

    At Mon, 24 Aug 2026 07:27:20 +0800, Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> wrote:

    On 24/08/2026 6:07 AM, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sun, 23 Aug 2026 07:40:25 -0700, Peter Flass wrote:

    On 8/23/26 00:32, Lawrence D?Oliveiro wrote:

    The article doesn?t mention version numbers, which are/were found
    on some DEC-proprietary systems: TOPS-10/20, VMS.

    I forgot to mention RSX ;).

    I found version numbers particularly useful. I guess there are Linux
    filesystems that support them, but I could never be bothered to
    install them.

    No. It?s not a POSIX thing.

    Erm, you do know that Linux people will sometimes, on occasion, imple-
    ment something not in the Posix standard?

    I dallied for a while with using VCS tools (i.e. Git) for managing
    versions of files. Then I came up with something more
    snapshot-oriented, <https://gitlab.com/ldo/updoc>, and I have been
    trying that out in some of my own content-creation projects. So for
    example, I might be working on a CG model in ?example.blend?, and
    every time I feel I?ve reached a critical point, I save a snapshot
    into the version history file ?example.blend;?.

    You can also just save a snapshot with ZFS, you know. That also works
    on Linux I'm told.

    Note the trailing semicolon on the version history file name; that?s a
    homage to DEC?s version numbers ;). Though actually the version
    history file can be called what you like.

    You can also do that with Fossil. It's the version control system from
    the SQLite team. You can name the /repository/ whatever you like, and
    a trailing ; doesn't bother SQLite at all.

    For lightweight version control, I use RCS -- and if I need something
    more heavy-duty, there's git.

    For a new project at home, I set up a local git repo. One I feel
    the basics work, I'll move it to github.

    For projects on github, if the code is in a lot of flux while I am
    in the middle of <laughing> designing it, I use a dated zip file
    to hold changes until I get to a point of metastability (the code
    builds and basically runs, usually some issues to work on).
    Then I'll do a commit.

    Been burned by the zip method a few times :-D

    --
    Gerrold's Laws of Infernal Dynamics:
    (1) An object in motion will always be headed in the wrong direction.
    (2) An object at rest will always be in the wrong place.
    (3) The energy required to change either one of these states
    will always be more than you wish to expend, but never so
    much as to make the task totally impossible.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Tue Aug 25 21:43:42 2026
    On Tue, 25 Aug 2026 11:22:58 -0700, Snidely wrote:

    By convention, a computer filename is the whole string identifying the
    file, but can also be used to describe the substring that is everything
    up to the extension (and its separator). The extension is everything
    after the last separator.

    On *nix systems, there is a command called ?basename? to remove any
    directory prefixes from a pathname, and also optionally any suffix.

    So ?suffix? is another term for ?file extension? or ?filename
    extension?. On VMS I think they wanted to call it the ?file type?.

    Unix is the OS that uses "magic" (special bytes at offset 0) to
    decode what a file is ... you can specify which shell is to execute
    a script, for instance. (Linux has also adpted this technique.)

    You?re thinking of the ?shebang? line to identify the program
    interpreter at the start of a program script.

    The concept of ?magic numbers? is a bit more general than this. The
    ?libmagic? code (as used in the well-known ?file? command) has a
    fairly elaborate language for specifying which byte fields (or parts
    thereof) to look at and what values to look for. For a non-trivial
    example, here is the current contents of my /etc/magic file, with the modification I came up with to the existing rules for recognizing
    Blender files, to take into account the recent change to a new format:

    0 string =BLENDER Blender3D
    !:ext blend
    >7 string =_ pre-v5, saved as 32-bits
    >>8 string =v little endian
    >>>9 byte x with version %c.
    >>>10 byte x \b%c
    >>>11 byte x \b%c
    >>>0x40 string =GLOB \b.
    >>>>0x58 leshort x \b%.4d
    >>8 string =V big endian
    >>>9 byte x with version %c.
    >>>10 byte x \b%c
    >>>11 byte x \b%c
    >>>0x40 string =GLOB \b.
    >>>>0x58 beshort x \b%.4d
    >7 string =- pre-v5, saved as 64-bits
    >>8 string =v little endian
    >>9 byte x with version %c.
    >>10 byte x \b%c
    >>11 byte x \b%c
    >>0x44 string =GLOB \b.
    >>>0x60 leshort x \b%.4d
    >>8 string =V big endian
    >>>9 byte x with version %c.
    >>>10 byte x \b%c
    >>>11 byte x \b%c
    >>>0x44 string =GLOB \b.
    >>>>0x60 beshort x \b%.4d

    # Blender 5.0+
    >7 string =17 v5+,
    >>10 byte x format version %c
    >>>11 byte x \b%c
    >>>>13 byte x app version %c
    >>>>>14 byte x \b%c.
    >>>>>>15 byte x \b%c
    >>>>>>>16 byte x \b%c

    Microsoft is famous for trying to open a binary file in a text
    editor because it has a .txt extension.

    Emacs can actually open binary files, and make edits on them. I have
    used this to make patches to executables, on occasion.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Wed Aug 26 15:34:24 2026
    Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> writes:
    On Tue, 25 Aug 2026 11:22:58 -0700, Snidely wrote:

    By convention, a computer filename is the whole string identifying the
    file, but can also be used to describe the substring that is everything
    up to the extension (and its separator). The extension is everything
    after the last separator.

    On *nix systems, there is a command called ?basename? to remove any
    directory prefixes from a pathname, and also optionally any suffix.

    basename(1) is a wrapper around the basename(3) library call, which
    is defined by POSIX.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From John Levine@3:633/10 to All on Fri Aug 28 18:14:38 2026
    According to Mr. Chang Man-wai <toylet.toylet@gmail.com>:
    On 8/25/2026 11:34 PM, John Levine wrote:

    I think the question doesn't make sense. The reason computer files have
    extensions is to describe the format of the contents: text, executables,
    spreadsheet, whatever. That makes it a lot easier to select the appropriate >> ....
    In paper files, it's generally obvious what kind of material is in the
    folder, or if it's not, it doesn't matter since there's only one way to
    process it, pull out the file and look at it.


    Because computer file names are text, NOT the
    actual physical objects seen with your naked
    eyes. ...

    Well, yes.

    You were too young as a computer users.
    I lived the days when there were only
    text in computers. Database files are
    just texts and textual labels. :)

    Uh huh. I used a time-shared PDP-6 from real Teletypes in about 1969.
    It had dot separators in the filenames, too.

    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson@3:633/10 to All on Sat Aug 29 17:08:45 2026
    On 26/08/2026 2:22 AM, Snidely wrote:
    John Levine˙ scribbled something on Tuesday the 8/25/2026:
    According to Mr. Chang Man-wai <toylet.toylet@gmail.com>:

    (crossposting put on a diet)

    But in the naming method,
    which is the file name?
    Which is the file name extension? :)

    By convention, a computer filename is the whole string identifying the
    file, but can also be used to describe the substring that is everything
    up to the extension (and its separator).˙ The extension is everything
    after the last separator.˙ In MSDOS days ... and other simple file
    systems,˙ like the CP/M ancestor of FAT ... the extension was the 3 characters that fit into the directory entry structure field labeled "extension".


    I think the question doesn't make sense. The reason computer files have
    extensions is to describe the format of the contents: text, executables,
    spreadsheet, whatever. That makes it a lot easier to select the
    appropriate
    software to process them. Microsoft famously got this wrong, by
    looking at the contents of the file to decide how to process it
    instead of the name, so you can have a mail attachment called
    CONTRACT.TXT which is in fact an executable full of malware.

    I don't think this is what Microsoft did.˙ Unix is the OS that uses
    "magic" (special bytes at offset 0) to decode what a file is ... you can specify which shell is to execute a script, for instance.˙ (Linux has
    also adpted this technique.)

    Microsoft also did this in MS-DOS. It's also a little know feature,
    that you can name your executables as .com or .exe and the operating
    system does not care. This /tradition/ has held up until at least
    ten windows, where you can rename your .exe files as .com files and
    they just continue to work as expected. I also expect the eleven
    window version of recent Microsoft operating systems to honor this
    tradition.


    Microsoft is famous for trying to open a binary file in a text editor because it has a .txt extension.

    In paper files, it's generally obvious what kind of material is in the
    folder, or if it's not, it doesn't matter since there's only one way to
    process it, pull out the file and look at it.

    There are plenty of situations where a librarian is dependent on a
    subject matter expert to identify what a book or paper file is.˙ And
    they may need help to identiify which expert is needed.

    /dps


    Do you happen to know which subject matter expert knows the origin of
    the .text name for code segments in object libraries? I asked this
    question a few years ago, here in alt.folklore.computers, but the veri-
    table origin stumped everyone. I believe the oldest example was given
    by our very own Lynn, who referenced some punch card object format from
    I.B.M. in the early-to-mid 60s.

    /Why/ it was named TXT did not include.

    I have since gotten the hint in some book or other this is a /loader
    term/, but where loaders got this notion of /text/ for the unchangable
    binary code, I still do not know. Nor have I gotten around to read all
    of extant 40s to early 60s literature, to see if it's ever mentioned by happenstance.

    So, if you do happen to know this subject matter expert, please invite
    him or her to alt.folklore.computers, so we can renew this discusssion.


    Thank you for coming to my TED talk in alt.folklore.computers!
    --
    Johann | email: invalid -> com | http://www.myrkraverk.com/blog/
    I'm not from the Internet, I just work there. | via Easynews.com https://bsky.app/profile/myrkraverk.bsky.social | for ( ;; ) _:;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.19
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)