• Old commercial UNIX in '26

    From Piper McCorkle@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 08:27:34 2026
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a
    Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    --
    Piper McCorkle (she/her)
    contact@piperswe.me
    https://www.piperswe.me/

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mechanicjay@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 06:57:44 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:27:34 +0200, Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:

    ... but I've heard plenty of horror stories about
    actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from >the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    If you're fluent on the Linux Command Line, sometimes it feels like you're having a stroke when working on an old Unix. Things are just different enough, or the command line switch you need for whatever util hadn't been invented yet,
    or whatever.

    That said, Ultrix 4.5 on this Mips DecStation hasn't been too bad, a little bit of a learning curve, but not too terrible. I've been able to get some GNU tools
    on here, gcc 3, bash 2, etc. That's allowed me to build all sort of stuff, like
    slrn, pine, lynx, ircii, trek, adventure. It's been pretty rewarding and it's turned into a machine I use all the time for the fun of it.

    I've had a much harder time trying to figure out Solaris 5.x for my SparcStation...to the point that it just sits on a shelf and doesn't get used.

    Xenix on the TRS-80 Model 16 is actually very easy to use, but that's a little earlier and was geared as a office document system...and no ethernet, so I'm not
    sure it really counts.

    Anyway, give it a try, and welcome to the Old Unix Club!


    --
    Sent from my Personal DECstation 5000/25

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 09:25:46 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 06:57:44 +0000, Mechanicjay wrote:

    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:27:34 +0200, Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:

    ... but I've heard plenty of horror stories about actually operating
    these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early >>'00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? >>(especially coming from a Linux background)

    If you're fluent on the Linux Command Line, sometimes it feels like
    you're having a stroke when working on an old Unix. Things are just different enough,
    or the command line switch you need for whatever util hadn't been
    invented yet,
    or whatever.

    I remember the days when the command to change directory was chdir (it
    still is, but cd works too). Awakward to type. And there was no alias
    facility either.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 14:06:16 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 13:39:15 +0000, Ted Nolan <tednolan> wrote:

    In article <n99uoqFkpanU2@mid.individual.net>,
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> wrote:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 06:57:44 +0000, Mechanicjay wrote:

    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:27:34 +0200, Piper McCorkle
    <contact@piperswe.me>
    wrote:

    ... but I've heard plenty of horror stories about actually operating >>>>these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from the >>>>'90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>>>administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    If you're fluent on the Linux Command Line, sometimes it feels like
    you're having a stroke when working on an old Unix. Things are just
    different enough,
    or the command line switch you need for whatever util hadn't been
    invented yet,
    or whatever.

    I remember the days when the command to change directory was chdir (it >>still is, but cd works too). Awakward to type. And there was no alias >>facility either.

    The nice thing about "chdir" is you can do:

    mkdir foo ^mk^ch

    As soon as I could, I aliased mkdir to md, to match.

    $ md something
    $ cd !$

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Daniel@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 07:13:14 2026
    mechanicjay@sol.smbfc.net (Mechanicjay) writes:

    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:27:34 +0200, Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:

    ... but I've heard plenty of horror stories about
    actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from >>the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    If you're fluent on the Linux Command Line, sometimes it feels like you're having a stroke when working on an old Unix. Things are just different enough,
    or the command line switch you need for whatever util hadn't been invented yet,
    or whatever.

    That said, Ultrix 4.5 on this Mips DecStation hasn't been too bad, a little bit
    of a learning curve, but not too terrible. I've been able to get some GNU tools
    on here, gcc 3, bash 2, etc. That's allowed me to build all sort of stuff, like
    slrn, pine, lynx, ircii, trek, adventure. It's been pretty rewarding and it's
    turned into a machine I use all the time for the fun of it.

    I've had a much harder time trying to figure out Solaris 5.x for my SparcStation...to the point that it just sits on a shelf and doesn't get used.

    Xenix on the TRS-80 Model 16 is actually very easy to use, but that's a little
    earlier and was geared as a office document system...and no ethernet, so I'm not
    sure it really counts.

    I'm curious about the TRS-80 and the lack of ethernet (not
    surprised). Isn't there a way to use modern serial wifi adapters to get
    that sucker on a network?

    --
    Daniel
    sysop | air & wave bbs
    finger | info@bbs.airandwave.net

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 14:36:16 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 06:57:44 +0000, Mechanicjay wrote:

    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:27:34 +0200, Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me>
    wrote:

    ... but I've heard plenty of horror stories about actually operating >>>these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early >>>'00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? >>>(especially coming from a Linux background)

    If you're fluent on the Linux Command Line, sometimes it feels like
    you're having a stroke when working on an old Unix. Things are just
    different enough,
    or the command line switch you need for whatever util hadn't been
    invented yet,
    or whatever.

    I remember the days when the command to change directory was chdir (it
    still is, but cd works too).

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From jayjwa@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 11:14:43 2026
    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.
    Unix v6 on the PDP-11 has 'chdir' and 'cd' does not work. I have this
    system under emulation.

    http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/man1/chdir

    Yes, it's doing chdir(2) but you type it at the command line like 'cd'
    on a modern system.

    --
    PGP Key ID: 781C A3E2 C6ED 70A6 B356 7AF5 B510 542E D460 5CAE
    "The Internet should always be the Wild West!"

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dennis Boone@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 15:16:47 2026
    I remember the days when the command to change directory was chdir (it still is, but cd works too). Awakward to type. And there was no alias facility either.

    Frustratingly,

    ozymandias:~$ chdir
    bash: chdir: orden no encontrada

    which means you can't edit dir or mkdir into chdir.

    De

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 15:29:42 2026
    jayjwa <jayjwa@atr2.ath.cx.invalid> writes:
    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.
    Unix v6 on the PDP-11 has 'chdir' and 'cd' does not work. I have this
    system under emulation.

    http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/man1/chdir

    I sit corrected, however 'cd' was the standard command, 'chdir'
    was supported as an alias by the bourne shell.

    SYSTAB commands {
    {"cd", SYSCD},
    {"read", SYSREAD},
    /*
    {"[", SYSTST},
    */
    {"set", SYSSET},
    {":", SYSNULL},
    {"trap", SYSTRAP},
    {"login", SYSLOGIN},
    {"wait", SYSWAIT},
    {"eval", SYSEVAL},
    {".", SYSDOT},
    {"newgrp", SYSLOGIN},
    {readonly, SYSRDONLY},
    {export, SYSXPORT},
    {"chdir", SYSCD},
    {"break", SYSBREAK},
    {"continue", SYSCONT},
    {"shift", SYSSHFT},
    {"exit", SYSEXIT},
    {"exec", SYSEXEC},
    {"times", SYSTIMES},
    {"umask", SYSUMASK},
    {0, 0},
    };



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From jayjwa@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 11:34:18 2026
    I have a Solaris 9 system and it's fun. You can get Sun Workshop
    compilers (C) for it as well as Pascal. There's also a
    companion-sparc-sol9.iso image with alot of the free software that you'd
    find on a Linux system available. At 9, it was using the sysv init
    (links into directories like rc.d) system instead of SMF that came
    later. It can speak ip4 and ip6. I don't use it as much anymore because
    I have both Omni OS and Openindiana as modern up-to-date systems.

    There's some command difference: tar and Gnu tar are different, as well
    as 'ps', 'mount', 'ls', and a bunch of others. If you install the
    companion image, or use one of the illumos systems, you'll get the Gnu
    stuff alongside the sysv stuff which is...odd. The PATH snakes all over
    and files are hidden in places that make absolutely no sense. I think
    someone was having fun hiding files.

    Here's the / on Openindiana:


    bin@ dev/ etc/ home/ lib/ mnt/ opt/ proc/
    rpool/ system/ usr/
    boot/ devices/ export/ kernel/ media/ net/ platform/ root/ sbin/
    tmp/ var/

    Notice there's a 'dev', a 'devices', and a 'platform'. Solaris 9 has UFS
    as its filesystem, which is very fragil (in my experience). The illumos
    systems have ZFS, which is awesome (but you have to learn a new system
    which is basically a logical volumn manager plus a file system rolled
    into one).

    Which 'ls' would you like?

    /usr/xpg4/bin/ls
    /usr/gnu/bin/ls
    /usr/bin/gls -> ../gnu/bin/ls
    'ps aux' will work on illumos, but not Solaris 9, which wants more 'ps
    -elf'.

    You should be fine setting one up as long as you come from a real Linux
    like Slackware, LFS, or Gentoo.

    --
    PGP Key ID: 781C A3E2 C6ED 70A6 B356 7AF5 B510 542E D460 5CAE
    "The Internet should always be the Wild West!"

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 16:23:15 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 15:29:42 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    jayjwa <jayjwa@atr2.ath.cx.invalid> writes:
    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.
    Unix v6 on the PDP-11 has 'chdir' and 'cd' does not work. I have this >>system under emulation.

    http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/man1/chdir

    I sit corrected, however 'cd' was the standard command, 'chdir'
    was supported as an alias by the bourne shell.

    The Bourne shell did not exist at the 'classic' time I am talking about.
    It was 'sh' or nothing.

    switch(t[DTYP]) {

    case TCOM:
    cp1 = t[DCOM];
    if(equal(cp1, "chdir")) {
    if(t[DCOM+1] != 0) {
    if(chdir(t[DCOM+1]) < 0)
    err("chdir: bad directory");
    } else
    err("chdir: arg count");
    return;
    }
    if(equal(cp1, "shift")) {
    if(dolc < 1) {


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 16:43:18 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 15:29:42 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    jayjwa <jayjwa@atr2.ath.cx.invalid> writes:
    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.
    Unix v6 on the PDP-11 has 'chdir' and 'cd' does not work. I have this >>>system under emulation.

    http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/man1/chdir

    I sit corrected, however 'cd' was the standard command, 'chdir'
    was supported as an alias by the bourne shell.

    The Bourne shell did not exist at the 'classic' time I am talking about.
    It was 'sh' or nothing.

    switch(t[DTYP]) {

    case TCOM:
    cp1 = t[DCOM];
    if(equal(cp1, "chdir")) {
    if(t[DCOM+1] != 0) {
    if(chdir(t[DCOM+1]) < 0)
    err("chdir: bad directory");
    } else
    err("chdir: arg count");
    return;
    }
    if(equal(cp1, "shift")) {
    if(dolc < 1) {


    The last time I used v6 was 1979. Memory fail.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 19:06:35 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 16:43:18 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 15:29:42 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    jayjwa <jayjwa@atr2.ath.cx.invalid> writes:
    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:

    Classic unix did not ever have a chdir command.

    It did have a chdir(2) system call, however.
    Unix v6 on the PDP-11 has 'chdir' and 'cd' does not work. I have this >>>>system under emulation.

    http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/man1/chdir

    I sit corrected, however 'cd' was the standard command, 'chdir'
    was supported as an alias by the bourne shell.

    The Bourne shell did not exist at the 'classic' time I am talking about.
    It was 'sh' or nothing.

    switch(t[DTYP]) {

    case TCOM:
    cp1 = t[DCOM]; if(equal(cp1, "chdir")) {
    if(t[DCOM+1] != 0) {
    if(chdir(t[DCOM+1]) < 0)
    err("chdir: bad directory");
    } else
    err("chdir: arg count");
    return;
    }
    if(equal(cp1, "shift")) {
    if(dolc < 1) {


    The last time I used v6 was 1979. Memory fail.

    I think by that time most people had hacked it to have 'cd' as well. I
    started with v6 in 1975.

    As an awakward typist, I found chdir hard to type! And I wasn't the only
    one.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 19:35:05 2026
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born >Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be >quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services >(WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about >actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from >the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a >Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know >the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system >doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the >network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can >do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated
    VAX, though.

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 20:01:43 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 19:35:05 +0000, Dan Cross wrote:

    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was
    born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it >>would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it
    host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of >>horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any >>commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete >>and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming from a Linux >>background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware
    (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore.
    But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain in the
    ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install >>Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for >>that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX,
    though.

    Like this?

    https://unixhistory.tavi.co.uk/quasijarus.html

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 22:40:12 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born >>Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be >>quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services
    (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about >>actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from >>the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a >>Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know >>the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system >>doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the >>network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can
    do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but
    Solaris was much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated
    VAX, though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit
    the late 70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 15 23:55:25 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 11:34:18 -0400, jayjwa wrote:

    Solaris 9 has UFS as its filesystem, which is very fragil (in my
    experience).

    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Piper McCorkle@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 04:50:01 2026
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:

    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the original UNIX File System."

    --
    Piper McCorkle (she/her)
    contact@piperswe.me
    https://www.piperswe.me/

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.16
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 03:34:28 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 04:50:01 +0200, Piper McCorkle wrote:

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File
    System introduced by the original UNIX ...

    It was originally called ?FFS?, aka the ?Fast File System?, and was
    developed at Berkeley.

    The original AT&T/Bell Labs filesystem from before that was crap.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 09:19:29 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 22:40:12 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was >>>born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it >>>would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it
    host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of >>>horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any >>>commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a
    complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming
    from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some
    hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to >>>restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain
    in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to >>>install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server >>>necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but Solaris was
    much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no idea if it still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX, >>though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late
    70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    Thew HP simulator guy broke away from the SIMH 4 project as it was (a) a moving target and (b) the scandal about trying to restrict the code was getting messy. The latest official versions are here:

    https://simh.trailing-edge.com/hp/

    (I am basing my new simulator on the Classic SIMH for similar reasons).

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 12:49:16 2026
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote: >> ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System >introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for >"this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically
    different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some
    power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 12:50:25 2026
    In article <n9b417FkpanU6@mid.individual.net>,
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> wrote:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 19:35:05 +0000, Dan Cross wrote:

    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was >>>born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it >>>would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it
    host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of >>>horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any >>>commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete >>>and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming from a Linux >>>background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware >>>(a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore.
    But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain in the
    ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install >>>Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for >>>that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX,
    though.

    Like this?

    https://unixhistory.tavi.co.uk/quasijarus.html

    There ya' go. I set up a VAX running that and hooked it up to
    my packet radio station. No one ever logs in other than me,
    though. :-D

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 12:59:24 2026
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born >>>Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be >>>quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services
    (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about >>>actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from >>>the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>>administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a >>>Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know
    the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system >>>doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the >>>network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can
    do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but
    Solaris was much more comfortable to work with.

    It's more commercial Unix as a whole that I didn't find all that
    cool.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.

    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated
    VAX, though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit
    the late 70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976, >followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    Nice!

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 13:00:18 2026
    In article <n9cip1FapsoU1@mid.individual.net>,
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> wrote:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 22:40:12 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was >>>>born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it >>>>would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it >>>>host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of >>>>horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any >>>>commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a >>>>complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming >>>>from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some >>>>hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to >>>>restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain >>>>in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to >>>>install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server >>>>necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but Solaris was
    much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no idea if it
    still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX, >>>though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late
    70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    Thew HP simulator guy broke away from the SIMH 4 project as it was (a) a >moving target and (b) the scandal about trying to restrict the code was >getting messy. The latest official versions are here:

    https://simh.trailing-edge.com/hp/

    (I am basing my new simulator on the Classic SIMH for similar reasons).

    OpenSIMH was supposed to fix this, I thought?

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 13:44:11 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 13:00:18 +0000, Dan Cross wrote:

    In article <n9cip1FapsoU1@mid.individual.net>,
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> wrote:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 22:40:12 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I >>>>>was born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I >>>>>think it would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and >>>>>have it host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard >>>>>plenty of horror stories about actually operating these things. Are >>>>>there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that >>>>>aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? >>>>>(especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some >>>>>hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to >>>>>restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a >>>>>pain in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll >>>>>need to install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the >>>>>server necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but Solaris
    was much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no idea if
    it still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX, >>>>though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late
    70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    Thew HP simulator guy broke away from the SIMH 4 project as it was (a) a >>moving target and (b) the scandal about trying to restrict the code was >>getting messy. The latest official versions are here:

    https://simh.trailing-edge.com/hp/

    (I am basing my new simulator on the Classic SIMH for similar reasons).

    OpenSIMH was supposed to fix this, I thought?

    Yes, but he'd gone by that time. And the moving target is probably still there.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Peter Flass@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 07:30:57 2026
    On 6/16/26 05:59, Dan Cross wrote:
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born
    Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be
    quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services
    (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about >>>> actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from
    the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>>> administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a
    Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know
    the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system >>>> doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the >>>> network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can
    do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but
    Solaris was much more comfortable to work with.

    It's more commercial Unix as a whole that I didn't find all that
    cool.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.

    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with
    the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the
    reasons you mention.



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 14:40:28 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System >>introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >>without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for >>"this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >>original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically
    different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some
    power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    The system V unices had the 's5' filesystem (and supported
    ufs, vxfs, and a few others). SGI had XFS, IBM had JFS which supported journaling, and there was the clearcase (MVFS) filesystem as well.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 14:47:29 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 22:40:12 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was >>>>born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it >>>>would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it >>>>host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of >>>>horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any >>>>commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a >>>>complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming >>>>from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some >>>>hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to >>>>restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain >>>>in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to >>>>install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server >>>>necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but Solaris was
    much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no idea if it
    still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX, >>>though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late
    70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    I found this last December:

    https://www.openvmshobby.com/vax-vms/openvms-on-vax-simh/


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 14:51:26 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.

    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Yeah. I had a couple of Indigos and an Indy that I finally
    dropped off at a swap meet at the CHM, along with a couple
    of NCD 17c X terminals.

    I had used the X terminals for a few years before linux
    grew up.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 14:59:23 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 14:47:29 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 22:40:12 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I >>>>>was born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I >>>>>think it would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and >>>>>have it host some services (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard >>>>>plenty of horror stories about actually operating these things. Are >>>>>there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that >>>>>aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? >>>>>(especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some >>>>>hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to >>>>>restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a >>>>>pain in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll >>>>>need to install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the >>>>>server necessary for that - hopefully I can do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but Solaris
    was much more comfortable to work with.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no idea if
    it still works.


    Something that is kind of fun is to set up 4.3BSD on an emulated VAX, >>>>though.

    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late
    70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    I found this last December:

    https://www.openvmshobby.com/vax-vms/openvms-on-vax-simh/

    That's a good one. But I managed a VAXcluster and actually own three
    VAXes, so I was OK.

    I was referring to license PAKs, now that HP have stopped issuing them. Or
    was that mentioned in the above, and I missed it?

    I managed to grab the manual set before it disappeared.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 16:24:18 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 14:47:29 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:



    I recently got VMS running on simh - it's been fun to revisit the late >>>> 70's and early 80's. I started on a PDP-8 (TSS8.24) in 1976,
    followed by the HP-3000 in 1977 and the VAX in 1979. I now have all
    three running in simulation for old-times-sake.

    I take it you found a PAK generator for VMS.

    I found this last December:

    https://www.openvmshobby.com/vax-vms/openvms-on-vax-simh/

    That's a good one. But I managed a VAXcluster and actually own three
    VAXes, so I was OK.

    I was referring to license PAKs, now that HP have stopped issuing them. Or >was that mentioned in the above, and I missed it?

    It's not mentioned explicitly, however, the instructions as followed
    produced a working VMS system. It doesn't include the Pascal
    compiler, however, which I had hoped would be there.


    I managed to grab the manual set before it disappeared.

    I have a few printed manuals from VMS 2.0 and 3.0 days;
    although pdf versions are available on bitsavers.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Piper McCorkle@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 21:59:37 2026
    On Jun 16, 2026 at 07:49:16 CDT, "Dan Cross" <Dan Cross> wrote:

    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System
    introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >> without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for
    "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the
    original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically
    different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some
    power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    - Dan C.

    Something I love about Usenet - the folks on here generally know a lot more about the details of computing history than me merely browsing Wikipedia :) Thanks for the rundown of this history!

    --
    Piper McCorkle (she/her)
    contact@piperswe.me
    https://www.piperswe.me/
    "Not ChatGPT output?I'm just like this" -https://www.xkcd.com/3126/

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 20:19:25 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 16:24:18 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    I was referring to license PAKs, now that HP have stopped issuing them.
    Or was that mentioned in the above, and I missed it?

    It's not mentioned explicitly, however, the instructions as followed
    produced a working VMS system. It doesn't include the Pascal
    compiler, however, which I had hoped would be there.

    Does the system allow users other than SYSTEM? Gnenerally, if not
    licensed, it won't.

    I managed to grab the manual set before it disappeared.

    I have a few printed manuals from VMS 2.0 and 3.0 days;
    although pdf versions are available on bitsavers.

    I have the 7.3 ones, which correspond to the hobbyisy distribution.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From John Ames@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 13:53:00 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 21:59:37 +0200
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:

    Something I love about Usenet - the folks on here generally know a
    lot more about the details of computing history than me merely
    browsing Wikipedia :) Thanks for the rundown of this history!

    Lots of interesting brains to pick here, indeed.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 21:19:05 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 21:39:18 +0100, Andy Burns wrote:

    Scott Lurndal wrote:

    Bob Eager writes:

    I managed a VAXcluster and actually own three VAXes

    I only own one, a VAXserver 3300

    I have a few printed manuals from VMS 2.0 and 3.0 days;
    I've got large parts of a VMS 4.7 orange wall, and 5.5/6.1 grey wall.

    I used to have all of the base ones, plus several languages, both oramge
    and grey for a while. In my office at work!

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 21:27:46 2026
    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 16:24:18 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    I was referring to license PAKs, now that HP have stopped issuing them. >>>Or was that mentioned in the above, and I missed it?

    It's not mentioned explicitly, however, the instructions as followed
    produced a working VMS system. It doesn't include the Pascal
    compiler, however, which I had hoped would be there.

    Does the system allow users other than SYSTEM? Gnenerally, if not
    licensed, it won't.

    It's been a few months.

    I'll have to give it another shot when I get time (and this time
    write down the SYSTEM password :-( ).

    I noticed messages saying VMS wasn't licenced during the boot.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 21:29:21 2026
    Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> writes:

    Scott Lurndal wrote:

    Bob Eager writes:

    I managed a VAXcluster and actually own three VAXes

    I only own one, a VAXserver 3300

    I have a few printed manuals from VMS 2.0 and 3.0 days;
    I've got large parts of a VMS 4.7 orange wall, and 5.5/6.1 grey wall.


    It was a blue wall in the v2 days; orange started with v3.0 IIRC.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Tue Jun 16 21:32:23 2026
    In article <OpdYR.493868$_BG8.200357@fx24.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.

    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Yeah. I had a couple of Indigos and an Indy that I finally
    dropped off at a swap meet at the CHM, along with a couple
    of NCD 17c X terminals.

    I had used the X terminals for a few years before linux
    grew up.

    I remember those. I thought they were pretty nice for the time.
    They had some kind of RISC CPU, right?

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 08:44:40 2026
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 21:27:46 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> writes:
    On Tue, 16 Jun 2026 16:24:18 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    I was referring to license PAKs, now that HP have stopped issuing
    them.
    Or was that mentioned in the above, and I missed it?

    It's not mentioned explicitly, however, the instructions as followed
    produced a working VMS system. It doesn't include the Pascal
    compiler, however, which I had hoped would be there.

    Does the system allow users other than SYSTEM? Gnenerally, if not
    licensed, it won't.

    It's been a few months.

    I'll have to give it another shot when I get time (and this time write
    down the SYSTEM password :-( ).

    I noticed messages saying VMS wasn't licenced during the boot.

    That is fixable.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 11:49:45 2026
    In article <wfdYR.493866$_BG8.262449@fx24.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System >>>introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >>>without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for
    "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >>>original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically
    different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some >>power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    The system V unices had the 's5' filesystem
    (and supported ufs, vxfs, and a few others).

    Yeah, `s5` was basically the research filesystem with larger
    blocks and a doubly-indirect block or something, right?

    vxfs was a commercial thing, wasn't it? I guess with a clean
    DDI/DDK environment you can do things like that out-of-tree.

    SGI had XFS, IBM had JFS which supported journaling, and there
    was the clearcase (MVFS) filesystem as well.

    DEC had AdvFS as well, which I think came from MICA.

    4.4BSD had a log-structured filesystem and started experimenting
    with some Plan 9'ish things. Soft updates for UFS fixed one of
    the major performance complaints for FFS.

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 12:00:51 2026
    In article <nnd$330d094a$7f573b8a@590899249c30700a>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 16, 2026 at 07:49:16 CDT, "Dan Cross" <Dan Cross> wrote:
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System
    introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >>> without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for
    "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >>> original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically
    different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some
    power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    Something I love about Usenet - the folks on here generally know a lot more >about the details of computing history than me merely browsing Wikipedia :) >Thanks for the rundown of this history!

    Sure! But caveat that I'm (highly) fallible; I recommend that
    you verify against primary sources. :-) Here are a few
    references:

    UFS: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/989.990
    FSCK: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2560011
    Soft updates: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/usenix99/mckusick.html

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 13:21:56 2026
    In article <110u29j$snt$1@reader1.panix.com>,
    Dan Cross <cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net> wrote:
    [snip]
    Sure! But caveat that I'm (highly) fallible; I recommend that
    you verify against primary sources. :-) Here are a few
    references:

    UFS: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/989.990
    FSCK: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2560011

    Oops; this is for a different fsck (this is exactly what I mean
    about my being fallible; I should have double-checked the
    reference!).

    Here's a link to the actual `fsck` reference I was thinking of: https://docs-archive.freebsd.org/44doc/smm/03.fsck/paper.pdf

    Soft updates: >https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/usenix99/mckusick.html

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 13:54:00 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <OpdYR.493868$_BG8.200357@fx24.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.

    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Yeah. I had a couple of Indigos and an Indy that I finally
    dropped off at a swap meet at the CHM, along with a couple
    of NCD 17c X terminals.

    I had used the X terminals for a few years before linux
    grew up.

    I remember those. I thought they were pretty nice for the time.

    They had some kind of RISC CPU, right?

    We originally had the monochrome NCD-16's. The screen resolution
    wasn't great, but it was better than using serial terminals.

    We had a number of Motorola 88k VME systems and used the X terminals
    when working on the distributed version of unix (using the Chorus
    microkernel and SVR4 compatable unix subsystem actors) at
    Convergent/Unisys.

    The NCD 17c used a 68020 processor. The NCD 17c was
    much nicer than the 16s, with a 256 color palette and 1024x768 resolution.

    Here's a picture of the mainboard.

    https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ncd/NCD-17C/pictures/NCD-17C_1.JPG


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 13:55:25 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <wfdYR.493866$_BG8.262449@fx24.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System >>>>introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >>>>without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for
    "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >>>>original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically >>>different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a
    sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some >>>power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be
    consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would
    consider that a bit of a reach.

    The system V unices had the 's5' filesystem
    (and supported ufs, vxfs, and a few others).

    Yeah, `s5` was basically the research filesystem with larger
    blocks and a doubly-indirect block or something, right?

    Yep. And a 14-character filename length limit.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bob Eager@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 14:21:02 2026
    On Wed, 17 Jun 2026 13:54:00 +0000, Scott Lurndal wrote:

    I had used the X terminals for a few years before linux grew up.

    I remember those. I thought they were pretty nice for the time.

    They had some kind of RISC CPU, right?

    We originally had the monochrome NCD-16's. The screen resolution wasn't great, but it was better than using serial terminals.

    I remember going to a presentation by our computing service around 1990 or
    a bit earlier, given by the deputy software manager.

    He extolled X terminals (we had NCDs) and confidently predicted that they
    were the future, and the PC was a passing fad.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Charlie Gibbs@3:633/10 to All on Wed Jun 17 19:35:59 2026
    On 2026-06-17, Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> wrote:

    I remember going to a presentation by our computing service around 1990 or
    a bit earlier, given by the deputy software manager.

    He extolled X terminals (we had NCDs) and confidently predicted that they were the future, and the PC was a passing fad.

    In a way he might be right. Many people's personal computers are now
    nothing more than terminals to centralized e-mail and web servers.
    We've come full circle: centralized -> distributed -> centralized.

    --
    /~\ Charlie Gibbs | No artificial
    \ / <cgibbs@kltpzyxm.invalid> | intelligence was
    X I'm really at ac.dekanfrus | used in the creation
    / \ if you read it the right way. | of this post.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Dan Cross@3:633/10 to All on Thu Jun 18 09:52:18 2026
    In article <hHxYR.91908$tRR9.48494@fx23.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <wfdYR.493866$_BG8.262449@fx24.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$4682d28c$0d318bf6@b19d6313421837aa>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    On Jun 15, 2026 at 18:55:25 CDT, "Lawrence D?Oliveiro" <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
    ?UFS? is the name for a whole family of filesystems, found among
    proprietary Unixes and also the BSDs (where it originated).

    All related, and yet all subtly incompatible with one another.

    My understanding is that UFS is a retroactive name for the File System >>>>>introduced by the original UNIX, and every UNIX derivative just tweaked it >>>>>without regard for compatibility. Essentially, UFS is just a generic term for
    "this UNIX-like's native filesystem which is probably a descendant of the >>>>>original UNIX File System."

    The original-original Unix filesystem on the PDP-7 was radically >>>>different from what we know today; the way it worked was kind of
    hard to explain. It's kind of recognizable, but using it feels
    odd.

    After they moved to the PDP-11, they did a pretty good
    filesystem that looks an awful lot like what we've got today.
    However, it didn't make particularly efficient use of the disc
    devices of that era, as the filesystem didn't take block
    locality into account when allocating blocks on the physical
    device; this meant you could have logically contiguous data
    in a file that was spread across the platters so that reading
    required doing lots of arm and head movement, which is slow (and
    puts wear and tear on the physical components in the device).
    You could get better efficiency by increasing the logical block
    size used by the FS, but that made inefficient use of storage:
    lots of little files wasted space.

    Around the time of 4.1BSD, Kirk McKusick got interested in
    addressing this, and did a new filesystem design that made two
    major changes: first, it introduced a notion of locality into
    the design by providing things called "cylinder groups" and
    (roughly) trying to assign files to CGs so that blocks that go
    into them come from regions of the device that are closer,
    physically, than before. This minimizes seek times. The second
    was to increase block sizes, but also introduce the notion of a >>>>sub-block "fragment" for the trailing part of a file. Blocks
    can be evenly divided into fragments (the fragment size is some >>>>power-of-two factor smaller than the block size), and a bitmap
    of fragments available in a block is maintained by the
    filesystem; fragments are only allocated to the last block in a
    file (this reduces the need to seek; blocks are physically
    contiguous on the device) while controlling fragmentation
    (blocks are small enough that you're not wasting space unduly).
    This filesystem became available for production use with 4.2BSD,
    and so is sometimes called, "The 4.2BSD Fast File System".

    FFS also went to great lengths to order write operations to the
    file structures on the device so that it could tolerate a crash;
    you might lose some data, but at least the filesystem would be >>>>consistent on recovery. The `fsck` utility could generally
    repair what might have been damaged.

    This was such an improvement over the earlier filesystems that
    most vendors adopted it, and over time, it become referred to as
    "UFS". Of course, each vendor had to pee on it to make it smell
    like their own code, so gradually implementations became
    slightly mutually incompatible. Caveat emptor.

    I suppose one could describe UFS as a descendent of the original
    Unix filesystem, but it was sufficiently different that I would >>>>consider that a bit of a reach.

    The system V unices had the 's5' filesystem
    (and supported ufs, vxfs, and a few others).

    Yeah, `s5` was basically the research filesystem with larger
    blocks and a doubly-indirect block or something, right?

    Yep. And a 14-character filename length limit.

    So inodes were still limited to 16 bits? Yikes. You think they
    could have at least gone to 28 char limits for the filename and
    4 byte inode numbers. :-)

    - Dan C.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Thu Jun 18 14:45:34 2026
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <hHxYR.91908$tRR9.48494@fx23.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:

    The system V unices had the 's5' filesystem
    (and supported ufs, vxfs, and a few others).

    Yeah, `s5` was basically the research filesystem with larger
    blocks and a doubly-indirect block or something, right?

    Yep. And a 14-character filename length limit.

    So inodes were still limited to 16 bits? Yikes. You think they
    could have at least gone to 28 char limits for the filename and
    4 byte inode numbers. :-)

    Even in Unixware, they maintained backward compatibility.

    #ifndef DIRSIZ
    #define DIRSIZ 14
    #endif

    typedef struct direct {
    o_ino_t d_ino; /* s5 inode type */
    char d_name[DIRSIZ];
    } direct_t;

    #define SDSIZ (sizeof(struct direct))


    Not that anyone was actually using s5 filesystems that late
    in the game.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Mechanicjay@3:633/10 to All on Thu Jun 18 15:47:42 2026
    On Mon, 15 Jun 2026 07:13:14 -0700, Daniel <me@sc1f1dan.com> wrote: >mechanicjay@sol.smbfc.net (Mechanicjay) writes:
    Xenix on the TRS-80 Model 16 is actually very easy to use, but that's a little
    earlier and was geared as a office document system...and no ethernet, so I'm not
    sure it really counts.

    I'm curious about the TRS-80 and the lack of ethernet (not
    surprised). Isn't there a way to use modern serial wifi adapters to get
    that sucker on a network?


    Well, the machine dates from the early 80's. It was marketed as a business / document all-in-one type solution. It came standard with 2 serial ports, but you could get a 6 line serial card as well, to hang up to SIX terminals off it to support your office staff.

    The software packages available for it are things like, word processing, spreadsheets, accounting, etc.

    So, yes, you can hang a modem or a serial wifi adapter for some network connectivity, but you're really limited to the CU utility and some XMODEM for file transfers. There's no tcp/ip stack to speak of.


    --
    Sent from my Personal DECstation 5000/25

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Phigan@3:633/10 to All on Thu Jun 18 16:28:32 2026
    To: Peter Flass
    Re: Re: Old commercial UNIX in '26
    By: Peter Flass to alt.folklore.computers on Tue Jun 16 2026 07:30:57

    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with
    the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the reasons you mention.

    Don't. It's still fun.
    --- Synchronet 3.16c-Win32 NewsLink 1.103
    MutinyBBS - telnet : mutinybbs.com:2332 - ssh : mutinybbs.com:2232

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Kurt Weiske@3:633/10 to All on Sat Jun 20 08:22:02 2026
    To: Peter Flass
    Peter Flass wrote to alt.folklore.computers <=-

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with
    the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the reasons you mention.

    I have an old steel tanker desk - finally a desk capable of supporting
    one of those SUN 21" CRT monitors! One of those beasts would have
    broken the cheap, particleboard IKEA desk I had when they were in
    circulation...

    kurt weiske | kweiske at realitycheckbbs dot org
    | http://realitycheckbbs.org
    | 1:218/700@fidonet




    --- MultiMail/Win v0.52
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Win32 NewsLink 1.2
    * realitycheckBBS - Aptos, CA - telnet://realitycheckbbs.org

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Scott Lurndal@3:633/10 to All on Sat Jun 20 18:59:44 2026
    "Kurt Weiske" <kurt.weiske@realitycheckbbs.org.remove-83z-this> writes:
    To: Peter Flass
    Peter Flass wrote to alt.folklore.computers <=-

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the reasons you mention.

    I have an old steel tanker desk

    I have one (steelcase) as well. Came from the electrodata/burroughs
    pasadena plant, still has the asset tag. Currently supporting
    a very light-weight mac mini and a Burroughs T27 terminal.


    - finally a desk capable of supporting
    one of those SUN 21" CRT monitors!

    The SGI 24" monitor (rebranded Sony GDM-FW20) weighted in at 90#/41kg;
    it was a very nice monitor for an SGI Octane dual processor box.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Anthk GM@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 22 19:14:13 2026
    On 2026-06-15, Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services
    (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can
    do it on OpenIndiana!


    I have more fun with the reverse. Hyperbola GNU/Linux with the whole
    GNUStep stack + WindowMaker + the GAP suite + GNUMail + ViewPDF...
    as a modern but libre NeXTStep replacement.

    I even have a GNUStep (Cocoa) build of Emacs running too which
    I use for osm.el and some nice tools (gopher and gemini client).

    The GTK theme it's set to "TWoStepsBack" (GNUStep theme) and
    the GNUStep icons. Seriously, it works like a dream, it's fast
    and pretty compatible with tons of libre tools from that era.



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lawrence D?Oliveiro@3:633/10 to All on Mon Jun 22 22:29:09 2026
    On Mon, 22 Jun 2026 19:14:13 -0000 (UTC), Anthk GM wrote:

    I have more fun with the reverse. Hyperbola GNU/Linux with the whole
    GNUStep stack + WindowMaker + the GAP suite + GNUMail + ViewPDF...
    as a modern but libre NeXTStep replacement.

    I went looking for something with the NeXTStep feel recently, and
    found 3 candidates in the standard Debian repo: AfterStep, Window
    Maker and wlmaker aka WaylandMaker. The first two are X11-specific,
    which I can tolerate for now.

    AfterStep didn?t work very well -- prone to random freezes and update
    glitches. I did briefly try wlmaker, and that seemed to start up OK,
    but its submenu that lists available applications was empty, showing
    only an error message (?exit status 1? -- looks like some process it
    spawned to populate that menu terminated abnormally).

    So currently I am trying Window Maker. This is only my old, backup
    Core i7 machine. Still getting to grips with some UI quirks -- like
    every time I pop up menus on the desktop, I can?t seem to get rid of
    them without clicking to turn them into windows (with a close box)
    first. And why some of those icons on the desktop represent
    running/runnable applications, but others don?t? But unlike original
    NeXTStep, it supports multiple workspaces!

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.17
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Kurt Weiske@3:633/10 to All on Sun Jun 28 14:16:54 2026
    To: scott
    scott wrote to alt.folklore.computers <=-

    I have an old steel tanker desk

    I have one (steelcase) as well. Came from the electrodata/burroughs pasadena plant, still has the asset tag. Currently supporting
    a very light-weight mac mini and a Burroughs T27 terminal.

    I love mine - found it at a recycled home goods store called Urban Ore
    in Berkeley, CA - the finish is heavily patina, but hey - it was $75!

    Mine's got an ultrawide LCD on it, barely registering on the thing.



    --- MultiMail/Win v0.52
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Win32 NewsLink 1.2
    * realitycheckBBS - Aptos, CA - telnet://realitycheckbbs.org

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.18
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bud Frede@3:633/10 to All on Sat Jul 4 14:08:18 2026
    Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> writes:

    On 6/16/26 05:59, Dan Cross wrote:
    In article <gb%XR.132106$I0Ta.47907@fx05.iad>,
    Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
    In article <nnd$6ea886ba$1c547b7f@9c94dd43bc13ac30>,
    Piper McCorkle <contact@piperswe.me> wrote:
    I've always been quite curious about commercial Unices, but when I was born
    Linux had already put the writing on the wall for them. I think it would be
    quite fun to set up a UNIX server in my homelab and have it host some services
    (WWW, Gopher, Gemini, etc), but I've heard plenty of horror stories about >>>>> actually operating these things. Are there any commercial UNIX variants from
    the '90s-early '00s that aren't a complete and utter pain in the ass to >>>>> administer? (especially coming from a Linux background)

    I'm thinking of going with Solaris, if only because I have some hardware (a
    Sun Fire system in unknown condition) that I could try to restore. But I know
    the installation process will definitely be a pain in the ass. The system >>>>> doesn't have an optical drive, so I'll need to install Solaris over the >>>>> network. No clue how to set up the server necessary for that - hopefully I can
    do it on OpenIndiana!

    I hate to be the one saying it, but ... it wasn't that cool. :-)

    As a long-time SVR3/4/4.2MP user, I found SunOs foreign, but
    Solaris was much more comfortable to work with.
    It's more commercial Unix as a whole that I didn't find all that
    cool.

    I have a T1 in storage, with an external SCSI CDROM. Have no
    idea if it still works.
    I have some old Sun hardware down the basement that I need to
    figure out how to jetison. Kind of a shame in some sense, but
    it's big, it's heavy, it's power hungry, it's slow, and I don't
    have a need for it anymore. :-/

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with
    the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the
    reasons you mention.

    I get nostalgic in the same way, but then I go down to the basement and
    look at my old Suns on the shelf and the feeling passes. :-) I have more
    modern hardware than I have time to use, so digging out the old gear and playing with it probably isn't going to happen.

    In fact, browsing and posting on Usenet is the closest I get to legacy computing a lot of the time now.




    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.18
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Bud Frede@3:633/10 to All on Sat Jul 4 14:19:19 2026
    "Kurt Weiske" <kurt.weiske@realitycheckbbs.org.remove-83z-this> writes:

    To: Peter Flass
    Peter Flass wrote to alt.folklore.computers <=-

    Every once in a while I get the idea that it might be fun to play with the actual old hardware, but then I shake myself and move on, for the reasons you mention.

    I have an old steel tanker desk - finally a desk capable of supporting
    one of those SUN 21" CRT monitors! One of those beasts would have
    broken the cheap, particleboard IKEA desk I had when they were in circulation...

    kurt weiske | kweiske at realitycheckbbs dot org
    | http://realitycheckbbs.org
    | 1:218/700@fidonet

    A number of workplaces ago, I got a 21" HP monitor with a Trinitron for
    my HP 9000. It sat in the middle of my desk until I noticed the desk top
    was sagging in the center due to the weight of the monitor. I moved the
    monitor to the side, but it was too late for that desk and it always
    looked like an old horse ready for the glue factory afterwards.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.18
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)