According to Peter Flass <
Peter@Iron-Spring.com>:
On 3/30/26 20:34, Waldek Hebisch wrote:
In 1960 in Poland a small team developed a machine based
on ferrite logic elements. Before going to hardware they
emulated the design on a bigger machine (but this bigger
machine was less capable than say Commodre 64). I would
guess that US designers did such things earlier.
I don't know about "earlier" but IBM had an S/360 simulator running on a >7094 (?) that they used to develop OS/360 before the hardware was
available. This probably would have been early '60s, so about the same >timeframe.
Here's the manual, second edition dated 1964. I don't think the 360 architecture
was defined until at least 1963 so this would be a little later than 1960:
https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7090/C28-6501-2_7090_SupportForSys360_Nov64.pdf
In 1957 IBM had a program for the 705 to simulate a 650:
https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/705/32-7763_Simulation_Of_650_On_705_1957.pdf
Back in the 1950s before there were compilers there were interpretive systems that interpreted programs in an idealized machine language that was easier to program than the underlying machine. That was sort of the same idea.
--
Regards,
John Levine,
johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
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https://jl.ly
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